# 目录 - [goweb-gin-demo](#goweb-gin-demo) - [web框架gin](#web框架gin) - [特性](#特性) - [服务创建及启动](#服务创建及启动) - [gorm](#gorm) - [概述](#概述) - [模型定义](#模型定义) - [连接数据库](#连接数据库) - [连接池](#连接池) - [CRUD](#crud) - [基本操作](#基本操作) - [创建钩子](#创建钩子) - [通过Swagger测试接口, 中文文档](#通过swagger测试接口-中文文档) - [验证码获取及校验](#验证码获取及校验) - [获取菜单项](#获取菜单项) - [使用casbin 控制权限](#使用casbin-控制权限) - [文件上传及下载](#文件上传及下载) - [代码自动生成](#代码自动生成) - [反射reflect](#反射reflect) - [GoWeb 发布](#goweb-发布) - [疑问及拓展](#疑问及拓展) - [为什么函数或方法中变量名很多都是大写字母开始的?](#为什么函数或方法中变量名很多都是大写字母开始的) - [unsupported Scan, storing driver.Value type []uint8 into type *time.Time](#unsupported-scan-storing-drivervalue-type-uint8-into-type-timetime) - [Error 1075: Incorrect table definition; there can be only one auto column and it must be defined as a key](#error-1075-incorrect-table-definition-there-can-be-only-one-auto-column-and-it-must-be-defined-as-a-key) - [查看http请求详情](#查看http请求详情) # goweb-gin-demo go web脚手架, [数据库及表结构](./resource/sql/weekly_report.sql) # [web框架gin](https://gin-gonic.com/zh-cn/docs/introduction/) [中文参考文档](https://www.kancloud.cn/shuangdeyu/gin_book/949411) ## 特性 - 快速 基于 Radix 树的路由，小内存占用。没有反射。可预测的 API 性能。 - 支持中间件 传入的 HTTP 请求可以由一系列中间件和最终操作来处理。 例如：Logger，Authorization，GZIP，最终操作 DB。 - Crash 处理 Gin 可以 catch 一个发生在 HTTP 请求中的 panic 并 recover 它。这样，你的服务器将始终可用。例如，你可以向 Sentry 报告这个 panic！ - JSON 验证 Gin 可以解析并验证请求的 JSON，例如检查所需值的存在。 - 路由组 更好地组织路由。是否需要授权，不同的 API 版本…… 此外，这些组可以无限制地嵌套而不会降低性能。 - 错误管理 Gin 提供了一种方便的方法来收集 HTTP 请求期间发生的所有错误。最终，中间件可以将它们写入日志文件，数据库并通过网络发送。 - 内置渲染 Gin 为 JSON，XML 和 HTML 渲染提供了易于使用的 API。 - 可扩展性 新建一个中间件非常简单，去查看 [示例代码](https://gin-gonic.com/zh-cn/docs/examples/) 吧。 ## 服务创建及启动 [官方demo](https://gin-gonic.com/zh-cn/docs/quickstart/) 把ping映射在参数为(c *gin.Context)的方法 ``` package main import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" func main() { r := gin.Default() r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { c.JSON(200, gin.H{ "message": "pong", }) }) r.Run() // 监听并在 0.0.0.0:8080 上启动服务 } ``` endless 创建服务 ``` func main() { mux1 := mux.NewRouter() mux1.HandleFunc("/hello", handler). Methods("GET") srv := endless.NewServer("localhost:4244", mux1) srv.SignalHooks[endless.PRE_SIGNAL][syscall.SIGUSR1] = append( srv.SignalHooks[endless.PRE_SIGNAL][syscall.SIGUSR1], preSigUsr1) srv.SignalHooks[endless.POST_SIGNAL][syscall.SIGUSR1] = append( srv.SignalHooks[endless.POST_SIGNAL][syscall.SIGUSR1], postSigUsr1) err := srv.ListenAndServe() if err != nil { log.Println(err) } log.Println("Server on 4244 stopped") os.Exit(0) } ``` # [gorm](https://gorm.io/zh_CN/docs/index.html) ## 概述 - 全功能 ORM - 关联 (Has One，Has Many，Belongs To，Many To Many，多态，单表继承)属于、多对多、多态、单表继承） - Create，Save，Update，Delete，Find 中钩子方法保存/更新/删除/查找） - 支持 Preload、Joins 的预加载，Joins - 事务，嵌套事务，Save Point，Rollback To Saved Point、回滚到保存点 - Context、预编译模式、DryRun 模式DryRun 模式 - 批量插入，FindInBatches，Find/Create with Map，使用 SQL 表达式、Context Valuer 进行 CRUDBatches、使用 Map 查找/创建、使用 SQL Expr 和 Context Valuer 进行 CRUD - SQL 构建器，Upsert，数据库锁，Optimizer/Index/Comment Hint，命名参数，子查询、Upsert、锁定、优化器/索引/注释提示、命名参数、子查询 - 复合主键，索引，约束 - Auto Migration - 自定义 Logger - 灵活的可扩展插件 API：Database Resolver（多数据库，读写分离）、Prometheus…PI：数据库解析器（多个数据库，读/写拆分）/ Prometheus... - 每个特性都经过了测试的重重考验 - 开发者友好 ## 模型定义 ``` type User struct { ID uint Name string Email *string Age uint8 Birthday *time.Time MemberNumber sql.NullString ActivatedAt sql.NullTime CreatedAt time.Time UpdatedAt time.Time } ``` GORM 使用结构体名的 蛇形命名 作为表名。对于结构体 User，根据约定，其表名为 users 您可以实现 Tabler 接口来更改默认表名，例如： ``` type Tabler interface { TableName() string } // TableName 会将 User 的表名重写为 `profiles` func (User) TableName() string { return "profiles" } ``` 您可以使用 Table 方法临时指定表名，例如： ``` // 根据 User 的字段创建 `deleted_users` 表 db.Table("deleted_users").AutoMigrate(&User{}) // 从另一张表查询数据 var deletedUsers []User db.Table("deleted_users").Find(&deletedUsers) // SELECT * FROM deleted_users; db.Table("deleted_users").Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Delete(&User{}) // DELETE FROM deleted_users WHERE name = 'jinzhu'; ``` ## 连接数据库 ``` import ( "gorm.io/driver/mysql" "gorm.io/gorm" ) func main() { // 参考 https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql#dsn-data-source-name 获取详情 dsn := "user:pass@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/dbname?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local" db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{}) } ``` ### 连接池 GORM 使用 database/sql 维护连接池 ``` sqlDB, err := db.DB() // SetMaxIdleConns 设置空闲连接池中连接的最大数量 sqlDB.SetMaxIdleConns(10) // SetMaxOpenConns 设置打开数据库连接的最大数量。 sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(100) // SetConnMaxLifetime 设置了连接可复用的最大时间。 sqlDB.SetConnMaxLifetime(time.Hour) ``` ## CRUD ### 基本操作 ``` # 创建记录 user := User{Name: "Jinzhu", Age: 18, Birthday: time.Now()} result := db.Create(&user) // 通过数据的指针来创建 user.ID // 返回插入数据的主键 result.Error // 返回 error result.RowsAffected // 返回插入记录的条数 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # 查询 // 获取第一条记录（主键升序） db.First(&user) // SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY id LIMIT 1; // 获取一条记录，没有指定排序字段 db.Take(&user) // SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 1; // 获取最后一条记录（主键降序） db.Last(&user) // SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1; ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # 更新 user.Name = "jinzhu 2" user.Age = 100 db.Save(&user) // UPDATE users SET name='jinzhu 2', age=100, birthday='2016-01-01', updated_at = '2013-11-17 21:34:10' WHERE id=111 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # 删除 // Email 的 ID 是 `10` db.Delete(&email) // DELETE from emails where id = 10; // 带额外条件的删除 db.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Delete(&email) // DELETE from emails where id = 10 AND name = "jinzhu"; ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ``` ### 创建钩子 GORM 允许用户定义的钩子有 BeforeSave, BeforeCreate, AfterSave, AfterCreate 创建记录时将调用这些钩子方法，请参考 Hooks 中关于生命周期的详细信息 ``` func (u *User) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) (err error) { u.UUID = uuid.New() if u.Role == "admin" { return errors.New("invalid role") } return } ``` # 通过Swagger测试接口, [中文文档](https://github.com/swaggo/swag/blob/master/README_zh-CN.md) [官方地址](https://github.com/swaggo) ,其中包含`swag`可执行程序和`gin-swagger`go web模块, [使用手册](https://github.com/swaggo/gin-swagger) 查看地址为: **http://IP:8888/swagger/index.html** ``` // @BasePath /api/v1 // PingExample godoc // @Summary ping example // @Schemes // @Description do ping // @Tags example // @Accept json // @Produce json // @Success 200 {string} Helloworld // @Router /example/helloworld [get] func Helloworld(g *gin.Context) { g.JSON(http.StatusOK,"helloworld") } ``` 生成文档`swag init` ``` docs/ ├── docs.go ├── swagger.json └── swagger.yaml ``` > 需要注意把docs文件夹导入到代码中 `import "goweb-gin-demo/docs"` - **如何获取到方法的注释呢?** # 验证码获取及校验 首选通过`/base/captcha`获取验证码,其中包含验证码图片地址:`data:image/png;...` ``` {     "code":0,     "data":{         "captchaId":"hrzSvHSdGo4Emm9oG9OY",         "picPath":"data:image/png;base64,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"     },     "msg":"验证码获取成功" } ``` 在用户登录时，请求的数据为: ``` { "username": "admin", "password": "123456", "captcha": "153842", "captchaId": "hrzSvHSdGo4Emm9oG9OY" } ``` 携带着验证码及验证码的Id, 框架通过Id去匹配输入的验证码。 登录城后后返回信息: ``` {     "code":0,     "data":{         "user":{             "ID":1,             "CreatedAt":"2021-10-25T14:53:31Z",             "UpdatedAt":"2021-10-25T14:53:31Z",             "uuid":"8e600b7f-3297-4979-a445-d218205ef9a6",             "userName":"admin",             "nickName":"超级管理员",             "sideMode":"dark",             "headerImg":"https:///qmplusimg.henrongyi.top/gva_header.jpg",             "baseColor":"#fff",             "activeColor":"#1890ff",             "authorityId":"888",             "authority":{                 "CreatedAt":"2021-10-25T14:53:31Z",                 "UpdatedAt":"2021-10-25T14:53:31Z",                 "DeletedAt":null,                 "authorityId":"888",                 "authorityName":"普通用户",                 "parentId":"0",                 "dataAuthorityId":null,                 "children":null,                 "defaultRouter":"dashboard"             },             "authorities":[                 {                     "CreatedAt":"2021-10-25T14:53:31Z",                     "UpdatedAt":"2021-10-25T14:53:31Z",                     "DeletedAt":null,                     "authorityId":"888",                     "authorityName":"普通用户",                     "parentId":"0",                     "dataAuthorityId":null,                     "children":null,                     "defaultRouter":"dashboard"                 },                 {                     "CreatedAt":"2021-10-25T14:53:31Z",                     "UpdatedAt":"2021-10-25T14:53:31Z",                     "DeletedAt":null,                     "authorityId":"8881",                     "authorityName":"普通用户子角色",                     "parentId":"888",                     "dataAuthorityId":null,                     "children":null,                     "defaultRouter":"dashboard"                 },                 {                     "CreatedAt":"2021-10-25T14:53:31Z",                     "UpdatedAt":"2021-10-25T14:53:31Z",                     "DeletedAt":null,                     "authorityId":"9528",                     "authorityName":"测试角色",                     "parentId":"0",                     "dataAuthorityId":null,                     "children":null,                     "defaultRouter":"dashboard"                 }             ]         },         "token":"eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJVVUlEIjoiOGU2MDBiN2YtMzI5Ny00OTc5LWE0NDUtZDIxODIwNWVmOWE2IiwiSUQiOjEsIlVzZXJuYW1lIjoiYWRtaW4iLCJOaWNrTmFtZSI6Iui2hee6p-euoeeQhuWRmCIsIkF1dGhvcml0eUlkIjoiODg4IiwiQnVmZmVyVGltZSI6ODY0MDAsImV4cCI6MTYzNjAyMDY2MSwiaXNzIjoicW1QbHVzIiwibmJmIjoxNjM1NDE0ODYxfQ.-E9YNI6YV3XLbC5GgXiftTBI7A5ZiIheH5dqwgwnaDA",         "expiresAt":1636020661000     },     "msg":"登录成功" } ``` jwt token

**用户-角色权限-菜单项|API|资源对应关系图**
![用户授权](./resource/md_res/user-auth.jpg) # 获取菜单项 api接口`/api/menu/getMenu` 头文件携带信息: ``` x-token: eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJVVUlEIjoiOGU2MDBiN2YtMzI5Ny00OTc5LWE0NDUtZDIxODIwNWVmOWE2IiwiSUQiOjEsIlVzZXJuYW1lIjoiYWRtaW4iLCJOaWNrTmFtZSI6Iui2hee6p-euoeeQhuWRmCIsIkF1dGhvcml0eUlkIjoiODg4IiwiQnVmZmVyVGltZSI6ODY0MDAsImV4cCI6MTYzNjAyMDY2MSwiaXNzIjoicW1QbHVzIiwibmJmIjoxNjM1NDE0ODYxfQ.-E9YNI6YV3XLbC5GgXiftTBI7A5ZiIheH5dqwgwnaDA x-user-id: 1 ``` - **角色对应着菜单项和API接口** 通过userid获取权限id(`SELECT * FROM `sys_user_authority` WHERE `sys_user_authority`.`sys_user_id` = 1`) ``` +-------------+----------------------------+ | sys_user_id | sys_authority_authority_id | +-------------+----------------------------+ | 1 | 888 | 普通用户 | 1 | 8881 | 普通子用户 | 1 | 9528 | 测试用户 +-------------+----------------------------+ ``` 通过权限ID获取权限(`SELECT * FROM `sys_authorities` WHERE `sys_authorities`.`authority_id` IN ('888','8881','9528')`) ``` +---------------------+---------------------+------------+--------------+----------------+-----------+----------------+ | created_at | updated_at | deleted_at | authority_id | authority_name | parent_id | default_router | +---------------------+---------------------+------------+--------------+----------------+-----------+----------------+ | 2021-10-25 14:53:31 | 2021-10-25 14:53:31 | NULL | 888 | ???? | 0 | dashboard | | 2021-10-25 14:53:31 | 2021-10-25 14:53:31 | NULL | 8881 | ??????? | 888 | dashboard | | 2021-10-25 14:53:31 | 2021-10-25 14:53:31 | NULL | 9528 | ???? | 0 | dashboard | +---------------------+---------------------+------------+--------------+----------------+-----------+----------------+ ``` 返回数据样本 ``` {     "code":0,     "data":{         "menus":[             {                 "ID":1,                 "CreatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:14:12Z",                 "UpdatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:14:14Z",                 "parentId":"0",                 "path":"",                 "name":"周报",                 "hidden":false,                 "component":"",                 "sort":1,                 "meta":{                     "keepAlive":false,                     "defaultMenu":false,                     "title":"周报",                     "icon":"",                     "closeTab":false                 },                 "authoritys":null,                 "menuId":"1",                 "children":[                     {                         "ID":2,                         "CreatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:40Z",                         "UpdatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:43Z",                         "parentId":"1",                         "path":"",                         "name":"查看周报",                         "hidden":false,                         "component":"",                         "sort":1,                         "meta":{                             "keepAlive":false,                             "defaultMenu":false,                             "title":"查看周报",                             "icon":"",                             "closeTab":false                         },                         "authoritys":null,                         "menuId":"2",                         "children":null,                         "parameters":[                         ]                     },                     {                         "ID":3,                         "CreatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:40Z",                         "UpdatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:43Z",                         "parentId":"1",                         "path":"",                         "name":"写周报",                         "hidden":false,                         "component":"",                         "sort":2,                         "meta":{                             "keepAlive":false,                             "defaultMenu":false,                             "title":"写周报",                             "icon":"",                             "closeTab":false                         },                         "authoritys":null,                         "menuId":"3",                         "children":null,                         "parameters":[                         ]                     },                     {                         "ID":4,                         "CreatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:40Z",                         "UpdatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:43Z",                         "parentId":"1",                         "path":"",                         "name":"统计导出",                         "hidden":false,                         "component":"",                         "sort":3,                         "meta":{                             "keepAlive":false,                             "defaultMenu":false,                             "title":"统计导出",                             "icon":"",                             "closeTab":false                         },                         "authoritys":null,                         "menuId":"4",                         "children":null,                         "parameters":[                         ]                     },                     {                         "ID":5,                         "CreatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:40Z",                         "UpdatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:43Z",                         "parentId":"1",                         "path":"",                         "name":"模板编辑",                         "hidden":false,                         "component":"",                         "sort":4,                         "meta":{                             "keepAlive":false,                             "defaultMenu":false,                             "title":"模板编辑",                             "icon":"",                             "closeTab":false                         },                         "authoritys":null,                         "menuId":"5",                         "children":null,                         "parameters":[                         ]                     }                 ],                 "parameters":[                 ]             },             {                 "ID":6,                 "CreatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:40Z",                 "UpdatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:43Z",                 "parentId":"0",                 "path":"",                 "name":"设置",                 "hidden":false,                 "component":"",                 "sort":2,                 "meta":{                     "keepAlive":false,                     "defaultMenu":false,                     "title":"设置",                     "icon":"",                     "closeTab":false                 },                 "authoritys":null,                 "menuId":"6",                 "children":[                     {                         "ID":7,                         "CreatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:40Z",                         "UpdatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:43Z",                         "parentId":"6",                         "path":"",                         "name":"用户密码",                         "hidden":false,                         "component":"",                         "sort":1,                         "meta":{                             "keepAlive":false,                             "defaultMenu":false,                             "title":"用户密码",                             "icon":"",                             "closeTab":false                         },                         "authoritys":null,                         "menuId":"7",                         "children":null,                         "parameters":[                         ]                     },                     {                         "ID":8,                         "CreatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:40Z",                         "UpdatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:43Z",                         "parentId":"6",                         "path":"",                         "name":"统计规则",                         "hidden":false,                         "component":"",                         "sort":2,                         "meta":{                             "keepAlive":false,                             "defaultMenu":false,                             "title":"统计规则",                             "icon":"",                             "closeTab":false                         },                         "authoritys":null,                         "menuId":"8",                         "children":null,                         "parameters":[                         ]                     },                     {                         "ID":9,                         "CreatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:40Z",                         "UpdatedAt":"2021-11-01T11:16:43Z",                         "parentId":"6",                         "path":"",                         "name":"用户管理",                         "hidden":false,                         "component":"",                         "sort":3,                         "meta":{                             "keepAlive":false,                             "defaultMenu":false,                             "title":"用户管理",                             "icon":"",                             "closeTab":false                         },                         "authoritys":null,                         "menuId":"9",                         "children":null,                         "parameters":[                         ]                     }                 ],                 "parameters":[                 ]             }         ]     },     "msg":"获取成功" } ``` # 使用[casbin](https://github.com/casbin/casbin) 控制权限 Casbin is a powerful and efficient open-source access control library. It provides support for enforcing authorization based on various access control models. 可以 [在线](https://casbin.org/editor/) 书写规则: ![在线写casbin规则](./resource/md_res/casbin.png) 创建一个Casbin enforcer ``` import "github.com/casbin/casbin/v2" e, err := casbin.NewEnforcer("path/to/model.conf", "path/to/policy.csv") ``` 检查权限 ``` sub := "alice" // the user that wants to access a resource. obj := "data1" // the resource that is going to be accessed. act := "read" // the operation that the user performs on the resource. ok, err := e.Enforce(sub, obj, act) if err != nil { // handle err } if ok == true { // permit alice to read data1 } else { // deny the request, show an error } // You could use BatchEnforce() to enforce some requests in batches. // This method returns a bool slice, and this slice's index corresponds to the row index of the two-dimensional array. // e.g. results[0] is the result of {"alice", "data1", "read"} results, err := e.BatchEnforce([][]interface{}{{"alice", "data1", "read"}, {"bob", "data2", "write"}, {"jack", "data3", "read"}}) ``` # 文件上传及下载 文件上传及下载code ``` func main() { router := gin.Default() // 给表单限制上传大小 (默认 32 MiB) // router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) { // 单文件 file, _ := c.FormFile("file") log.Println(file.Filename) // 上传文件到指定的路径 // c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst) c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename)) }) router.Run(":8080") } ``` ``` // @Tags FileUploadAndDownload // @Summary 文件下载 // @Security ApiKeyAuth // @accept application/json // @Produce application/json // @Param fileName query string true "待下载的文件名" // @Success 200 {string} string "{"success":true,"data":{},"msg":"文件下载成功"}" // @Router /fileUploadAndDownload/download [get] func (u *FileUploadAndDownloadApi) DownloadFile(c *gin.Context) { fileName := c.Query("fileName") //待下载的文件是存储本地的,如果存储在云盘，直接访问链接即可 //如果没有记录，也会报错，record not found err, fileInfo := fileUploadAndDownloadService.FindFile(fileName) if err != nil { global.GLOBAL_LOG.Error("文件未找到!", zap.Any("err", err)) c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/404") return } c.Header("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream") c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+fileInfo.Name) c.Header("Content-Transfer-Encoding", "binary") c.File(fileInfo.Url) return } ``` 文件上传成功返回: ``` { "code": 0, "data": { "file": { "ID": 0, "CreatedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", "UpdatedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", "name": "demo.c", "url": "/Users/zero/Documents/uploads/file/fe01ce2a7fbac8fafaed7c982a04e229_20211102170427.c", "tag": "c", "key": "fe01ce2a7fbac8fafaed7c982a04e229_20211102170427.c" } }, "msg": "上传成功" } ``` 数据库信息: ``` mysql> select * from file_upload_and_downloads; +----+---------------------+---------------------+------------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---------------------------------------------------+ | id | created_at | updated_at | deleted_at | name | url | tag | key | +----+---------------------+---------------------+------------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---------------------------------------------------+ | 3 | 2021-11-02 09:04:27 | 2021-11-02 09:04:27 | NULL | demo.c | /Users/zero/Documents/uploads/file/fe01ce2a7fbac8fafaed7c982a04e229_20211102170427.c | c | fe01ce2a7fbac8fafaed7c982a04e229_20211102170427.c | +----+---------------------+---------------------+------------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---------------------------------------------------+ ``` # 代码自动生成 gin-vue-admin提供代码自动生成功能，选择数据库表结构，可直接生成前端代码及后端代码，很方便 比如周报的表结构如下: ``` // 周报 { "code": 0, "data": { "rewtReports": { "ID": 100, "CreatedAt": "2021-11-04T03:11:07Z", "UpdatedAt": "2021-11-04T11:35:11Z", "userName": "xiaoming", "sendTo": [ { "ID": 1, "name": "xiao11" }, { "ID": 2, "name": "xiao21" } ], "header": "周报", "contents": [ { "title": "本周工作", "content": "本周工作这里" }, { "title": "下周计划", "content": "

下周计划在这

这里" } ], "pictures": [ { "key": "fe01ce2a7fbac8fafaed7c982a04e229_20211102170427.png", "name": "demo.png" }, { "key": "fe01ce2a7fbac8fafaed7c982a04e229_20211102170420.png", "name": "demo1.png" } ], "attachments": [ { "key": "fe01ce2a7fbac8fafaed7c982a04e229_20211102170427.txt", "name": "demo.txt" }, { "key": "fe01ce2a7fbac8fafaed7c982a04e229_20211102170420.txt", "name": "demo1.txt" } ] } }, "msg": "操作成功" } // 评论 { "id":100, "comments":[ {""} ] } ``` # 反射reflect [官方文档](https://pkg.go.dev/reflect) 包反射实现运行时反射，允许程序操作任意类型的对象。典型的用法是取一个静态类型 interface{} 的值，通过调用 TypeOf 提取其动态类型信息，返回一个 Type。 对 ValueOf 的调用返回一个表示运行时数据的值。Zero 接受一个 Type 并返回一个表示该类型的零值的 Value。 有关 Go 中反射的介绍，请参阅 [“反射定律”](https://golang.org/doc/articles/laws_of_reflection.html) 动态调用有参数的函数 ``` type T struct{} func main() { name := "Do" t := &T{} a := reflect.ValueOf(1111) b := reflect.ValueOf("world") in := []reflect.Value{a, b} reflect.ValueOf(t).MethodByName(name).Call(in) } func (t *T) Do(a int, b string) { fmt.Println("hello" + b, a) } ``` # GoWeb 发布 go build编译出moduleName的可执行文件，加载配置文件config.yaml即可运行。 # 疑问及拓展 #### 为什么函数或方法中变量名很多都是大写字母开始的? - 任何需要对外暴露的名字必须以大写字母开头，不需要对外暴露的则应该以小写字母开头。 但是gin-vue-admin代码中有很多大小，连方法参数都是大写字母开始的? ``` # 函数中的变量Router Router := initialize.Routers() # 方法参数Router func (s *BaseRouter) InitBaseRouter(Router *gin.RouterGroup) (R gin.IRoutes) { ``` #### unsupported Scan, storing driver.Value type []uint8 into type *time.Time 需要在连接数据库时增加参数: ``` db, err := sqlx.Connect("mysql", "myuser:mypass@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/mydb?parseTime=true") ``` Sets the location for time.Time values (when using parseTime=true). "Local" sets the system's location. See [time.LoadLocation](https://pkg.go.dev/time#LoadLocation) for details. #### Error 1075: Incorrect table definition; there can be only one auto column and it must be defined as a key 日志信息 > 2021/10/29 11:44:55 /Users/zero/go/pkg/mod/github.com/casbin/gorm-adapter/v3@v3.4.4/adapter.go:373 > Error 1075: Incorrect table definition; there can be only one auto column and it must be defined as a key > [7.259ms] [rows:0] ALTER TABLE `casbin_rule` ADD `id` bigint unsigned AUTO_INCREMENT 断点调试gorm-adapter/v3@v3.4.4/adapter.go, 最后上网搜索发现版本问题。 把版本都降低了 github.com/casbin/casbin/v2 v2.11.0 github.com/casbin/gorm-adapter/v3 v3.0.2 #### 查看http请求详情 通过查看gin.Context>>Request>>(Body io.ReadCloser)>>src>>R>>buf=>点击view就能看到http详情。